In the light-dependent reactions, the transfer of energy through electrons produces a hydrogen ion concentration gradient. Many more hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid space than in the stroma. The process that occurs when these hydrogen ions pass back to the stroma through a specialized channel
Select one:

a.is called chemiosmosis and requires ATP

b.is an electron transport chain and creates NADPH

c.is an electron transport chain and uses NADPH

d.is called chemiosmosis and produces ATP