children who have not achieved Piaget's stage of concrete operations - children younger than 7 years. REgard rules and duties to others as unchangeable. Justice is whatever authorities say is right. Children believe that what determines whether an action is good or bad are the consequences of the action, not the motives or intentions. Children belief that rules are unchangeable is due to two factors, one social and one cognitive. Piaget argued that parental control of children is coercive and unilateral, leading to children's unquestioning respect for rules set by adults. Children's cognitive immaturity causes them to believe that rules are 'real' things.stage of the morality of constraint