1. Class relative frequencies must be used, rather than class frequencies or class percentages, when constructing a Pareto diagram. 2. A Pareto diagram is a pie chart where the slices are arranged from largest to smallest in a counterclockwise direction. 3. The sample variance and standard deviation can be calculated using only the sum of the data and the sample size, n. 4. The conditions for both the hypergeometric and the binomial random variables require that the trials are independent. 5. The exponential distribution is sometimes called the waiting-time distribution, because it is used to describe the length of time between occurrences of random events. 6. A Type I error occurs when we accept a false null hypothesis. 7. A low value of the correlation coefficient r implies that x and y are unrelated. 8. A high value of the correlation coefficient r implies that a causal relationship exists between x and y.