In chemical transformation, the calcium in the ice cold calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution used to prepare competent cells:
a.Are positively charged ions that coat and neutralizes the positive charges of phosphate groups on DNA.
b.Are negatively charged ions that coat and neutralizes the positive charges of bases on DNA.
c.Are positively charged ions that coat and neutralizes the negative charges of phosphate groups on DNA.
d.Are positively charged ions that coat and neutralizes the negative charges of OH (hydroxyl) groups on DNA.
e.Are negatively charged ions that coat and neutralizes the positive charges of pentose sugars on DNA.