For speakers to be consistently efficient at verbally conveying their intended messages, they must:
a) reiterate their message more than once to the recipient
b) understand that intended meanings may not be fully conveyed by a message because of a variety of factors
c) use shared language that has universal meaning
d) constantly define what their words mean during a communication interaction
b) understand that intended meanings may not be fully conveyed by a message because of a variety of factors