As Bobcatco grows, a manager development program makes sense for the business for the following . reasons except:

a. internally-developed managers could be more easily assessed while they were individual contributors to see if they displayed foundational management skills
b. managers who grew from within the company would tend to better understand Bobcatco culture than new hires
c. a pathway for employees to move into management might encourage retention
d. developing managers internally would be faster than hiring externally