Based on the chart, the four substances that were added to the reaction at different times are: C. Substances W and Z are inhibitors, and substances X and Y are catalysts.
In this scenario, the typical speed of a chemical reaction releases gas every twenty (20) seconds for two (2) minutes.
Hence, we would calculate the speed of the chemical reaction when each of the substance were added, so as to determine the type of substance that was added at a particular time.
For substance W:
- Gas release time = 45 seconds
[tex]Time \; taken = Gas\;release\;time - Time\;added\\\\ Time \; taken = 45 - 21[/tex]
Time taken = 24 seconds.
For substance X:
- Gas release time = 56 seconds
[tex]Time \; taken = Gas\;release\;time - Time\;added\\\\ Time \; taken = 56 - 46[/tex]
Time taken = 10 seconds.
For substance Y:
- Gas release time = 70 seconds
[tex]Time \; taken = Gas\;release\;time - Time\;added\\\\ Time \; taken = 70 - 57[/tex]
Time taken = 13 seconds.
For substance Z:
- Gas release time = 92 seconds
[tex]Time \; taken = Gas\;release\;time - Time\;added\\\\ Time \; taken = 92 - 71[/tex]
Time taken = 21 seconds.
Based on the calculations, we can deduce that both substance W and Z took the highest time to release a gas while substance X and Y took the least time to release a gas.
In conclusion, both substances W and Z are inhibitors because they slowed down the reaction while substances X and Y are catalysts because they accelerated the reaction.
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