Yes, the elements can go beyond the 5th principal energy level.
As the filling of electrons in the orbital depends on the atomic number of atom. The orbitals are filled with electrons in increasing order of energy of the orbitals. The increasing order of the energy of the orbitals is shown in the image.
From the image it is clear that when the [tex]5p[/tex] orbital is completely filled, the next electron will go to [tex]6s[/tex] orbital.
For example:
The electronic configuration of ruthenium, [tex]Ru[/tex] is [tex]Kr4d^{7}5s^{1}[/tex]
The electronic configuration of polonium, [tex]Po[/tex] is [tex]Xe6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{4}[/tex].
