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At the end of an experiment, the product is a mixture of the starting material, which is benzoic acid and the product, which is benzaldehyde, both of which are dissolved in diethyl ether. the reaction mixture is best separated by

a. extraction with a solution of hydrochloric acid, separating the layers, followed by drying and evaporating the organic layer.

b. extraction with a solution of sodium bicarbonate, separating the layers, followed by drying and evaporating the organic layer.

c. drying and evaporating the organic layer.

d. extraction with a solution of sodium bicarbonate, separating the layers, add diethyl ether to the aqueous layer, extracting with a solution of hydrochloric acid, filtering and recrystallization the solid product.

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Answer:

b. Extraction with a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, separating the layers, followed by drying and evaporating the organic layer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The ether solution contains your product, benzaldehyde, and some starting material, benzoic acid, the purification steps are:

  1. Extract with a solution of NaHCO₃. The ether layer contains benzaldehyde, and the aqueous layer contains sodium benzoate.
  2. Separate the layers. Keep the ether layer.
  3. Dry the ether solution.
  4. Distill the ether (boiling point 35 °C) and purify the benzaldehyde (178 °C) by steam distillation.

a. is wrong. Extraction with HCl will not remove much of the benzoic acid.

c. is wrong. If you evaporate the organic layer, you will have a mixture of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.

d. is wrong. If you work with the aqueous layer, you will end up with benzoic acid,