The correct answer is B. An extended campaign wore the people of Vicksburg down.
Grant realized that a siege was imminent and surrounded the city. A truce was issued, something that Grant was at first hesitant about when he did not want to give the enemy a chance to rest, but the field hygiene was inhuman as dead and wounded lay in the summer heat. He decided to agree to a ceasefire so that the dead could be cleared up and buried and taken care of.
On June 7, the Confederate Grant attacked maintenance lines defended by inexperienced soldiers. They repulsed the Confederacy but with heavy losses on both sides. The siege began to pay off. Inside the city, the food shortage was severe. Morale was low when it was known that the besiegers were three times as many as the defenders.
Pemberton sought help from Robert E. Lee, who announced that he could not support Pemberton because he himself had just entered Maryland and Pennsylvania. So for the first time, they were on Union soil and on their way to Gettysburg.
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