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Starting with instructions from the factory manager (DNA/chromosomes), create a flow chart to show how a protein is produced and shipped from a cell.

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Diatonic254

DNA --> mRNA --> Ribosomes --> RER --> Golgi apparuatus --> Cell membrane

Explanation:

When DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase, mRNA is made. The mRNA exits the nucleus and ends up in ribosomes into the cytoplasm of the cells. The ribosomes use the information on the mRNA to manufacture polypeptide chains. The peptide chains then enter the lumen of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Here the polypeptide chains are folded up with the help of chaperones into a 3d protein structure and post-translational modification is also conducted on the protein. The protein then transported to the Golgi from the ER using vesicles. In the Golgi, the proteins are tagged and packaged and sent to their destination using vesicles. If they are secretory proteins, the vesicles travel to the cell membrane fuse with it and empty the content outside the cell.

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annyksl

A flowchart of protein production should show the sequence of steps necessary for the protein to be formed and used in a cell.

In this case, we can simplify these steps as follows:

  • DNA is replicated in the nucleus of the cell.
  • The DNA molecules formed are used as a template to create the mRNA, which will have the code for the production of proteins.
  • The mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm towards the ribosomes.
  • The mRNA is trapped by the ribosomes, which trigger a reaction that, together with the tRNA, transports the codons present in the mRNA.
  • These codons form the amino acids that build proteins.
  • These proteins are sent to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, where they will be molded, to assume a three-dimensional structure.
  • The proteins are then sent to the Golgi Apparatus, where they are prepared to be sent to their places of service within the cell.

An example of a flowchart can be seen in the figure below.

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