The NP is doing a preoperative evaluation on a 72 year old who has been seen in the practice for hypertension. The clinician hears an S-3 for the first time on cardiac exam. This increases the risk (an approximate 40% probability/ LR = 8.0) that this patient might have which of the following during the postoperative period?

a. Myocardial Infarction
b. Pulmonary edema
c. A-V dissociation
d. Severe aortic stenosis