What is an indirect measure of the amount of energy released from food?​ a. ​The increase in heat given off when the food is burned b. ​Quantity of carbon dioxide consumed when the food is burned c. ​The increase in heat retained by the food when it is slowly brought to 100° C d. ​The decrease in ambient temperature when the food is chilled to 0° C e. ​Quantity of oxygen consumed when the food is burned