Answer: Uronic acid forms when carbon-6 of a hexose is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
Aldonic acid forms when carbon-1 of a hexose is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
Muramic acid is an amino sugar.
Gluconic acid is an aldonic acid.
Fucose is a deoxy sugar.
Note: The complete question is as follows: Monosaccharides can undergo reactions to form other functional groups. Identify the monosaccharide derivative that fits the following statements (aldonic acid, deoxy sugar, uronic acid, amino sugar or aldaric acid).
Explanation:
Monosaccharides(sugars) can undergo reactions to form other functional groups. These sugar derivatives are formed either when a hydroxyl group of the monosaccharide is replaced with another substituent, or a carbon atom is oxidized to a carboxylic acid.
Muramic acid is formed when the hydroxyl group at C-2 of the sugar is replaced with an amino group. Lactic acid is ether-linked to the oxygen at C-3 of the same sugar molecule.
Gluconic acid or gluconate is formed when the carbonyl carbon, C-1 of glucose (a hexose) is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Generally, they are called aldonic acids. Oxidation of the terminal carbon, C-6 of the hexoses, glucose, galactose or mannose forms uronic acids.
Fucose is formed when there is a substitution of a hydrogen for the hydroxy group at C-6 of L-galactose. It is a deoxy sugar.
An aldaric acid is an aldose in which both the hydroxyl group of the terminal carbon and the carbonyl carbon, C-1 have been fully oxidized to carboxylic acid functions.
