Answer: new immigrants, both legal and illegal
Explanation:
In a 2010 report on the changing environment for policing, 1985-2008, david bayley and christine nixon list the issues of new immigrants, both legal and illegal and "racial discrimination" as among the six challenges facing american policing.
The changing in structure of population of united state because of immigration presents a special challenge for the police.
Racism in the united states has existed since the colonial era when the white Americans were given legally or socially permitted privileges and rights while these same rights where denied to others. The opportunities includes Education, immigration, voting rights, citizenship .discrimination in the united states include all aspect of life and extends to all communities of color.