Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Stress is the force or pressure applied on an object. It might be possible that due to stress there will be change in the shape or volume of an object.
Whereas an aftershock is a kind of small earth quake followed by a large earth quake.
Friction is the resistance shown by an object with it moves over another surface.
Liquefaction is the process of formation of liquid. For example, when solid changes into liquid.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called stress.
