Answer:
1) 65-70% of the water in the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood here - PROXIMAL TUBULE.
2) region composed of a descending limb that is permeable to water and an ascending limb that is impermeable to water - LOOP OF HENLE.
3) region where blood plasma fluid is filtered from the blood into the nephron - GLOMERULAR CAPSULE.
4) adh increases the permeability of the cells of this region to water - COLLECTING DUCT.
5) region where fluids are transported to the collecting duct; active reabsorption of salt occurs here - DISTAL TUBULE.
Explanation:
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidneys, and is the one responsible for the filtration of the blood plasma. Different substances can also be reabsorbed or secreted according to the body's needs.
The nephron is composed of the renal tubules and the glomerulus formed by the capillaries (small blood vessels) located in the renal corpuscle that supply the blood for it to be filtered.
Blood plasma is filtered by the Glomerular Ultrafiltration Barrier, which allows small substances such as water and sodium to pass, but not bigger ones like proteins. After being filtered, both water and solutes can be reabsorbed or secreted in the tubules - this will create the final composition of the urine (which can be diluted or concentrated depending on the state and requirements of the body at that moment).
The order of each region of the nephron is: renal corpuscle (glomerulus and its capsule), proximal tubule, the loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting tubule, and collecting duct.
