The image shows a diagram developed by a German astronomer in the 1600s.

Diagram of an oval with a dot on it labeled planet. A dot labeled Sun and an unlabeled dot are inside the oval.

How did this diagram advance scientific thinking?

The diagram showed that planets move in circular orbits around the sun, disproving the Copernican model.
The diagram showed that Earth is closer to the sun than other planets, disproving the heliocentric theory.
The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the heliocentric theory.
The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the geocentric theory.