If the frequency of the black allele %B allele for the moth coloration gene in the newly founded island population of moths in your genetic drift lab simulation was 78% what was the frequency of the white allele %b allele in the same population at the same time? A. 19.5% B. 22% C. 39% D. 78% or E. Impossible to determine

Under genetic drift effects, the allelic and genotypic frequencies of a population change through generations. In the exposed example, the frequency of the white allele in the same population at the same time is f(b) = 22%.

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Available data:

Frequency of the dominant allele, B = 78% = 0.78
Frequency of the recessive allele, b = ??
Genetic drift lab simulation ⇒ Founder effect

We need to find out the frequency of the recessive allele is this new population. But before answering the question, let us review what the genetic drift is.

Genetic drift is an evolutionary mechanism.

Genetic drift is the random change that occurs in the allelic frequency of a population through generations.

The magnitude of this change is inversely related to the size of the original population. Its effects are harder in a small-sized population.

These changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time. Eventually, some alleles get lost, while some others might set.

Genetic drift affects a population and reduces its size dramatically due to a disaster or pressure -bottleneck effect- or because of a population split -founder effect-.

When the small population increases in size, it will have a genetically different composition from the original one.

Genetic variability is reduced, and there exists the possibility of developing a peculiar allelic composition.

According to this information, we know that allelic frequencies vary from generation to generation. So probably, if we need to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies in the next generation, they will be different from the frequencies in this generation.

However, in this problem, we need to determine the frequency of the recessive allele at the same time, meaning in the present generation.

Since they are frequencies, their addition must equal one. So all we need to do is to clear the following equation,

p + q = 1

being

p the dominant allele frequency, f(B) = 0.78
q the recessive allele frequency, f(b) = ??

0.78 + q = 1

q = 1 - 0.78

q = 0.22 = 22%

The frequency of the white allele in the same population at the same time is f(b) = 22%.

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