Answer:
1. Golding contends that human nature, when free from the constraints of society, draws people away from common sense to savagery. His fundamental arguments are that human beings are savage by nature, and are moved by urges toward brutality and dominance over others.
2.Young boys were chosen because although they have been civilized somewhat, but still require adult supervision. If adults were abandoned on an island, you would not expect their civilization to deteriorate as quickly or as completely as the boys' did.
3. (Im not sure of this but i'll comment it when i figure it out.)
4.The characters in Lord of the Flies possess recognizable symbolic significance, which make them as the sort of people around us. Ralph stands for civilization and democracy; Piggy represents intellect and rationalism; Jack signifies savagery and dictatorship; Simon is the incarnation of goodness and saintliness.
5. (Also in the process of figuring this one out)
Im just gonna do five so another person can do some
Also i got all this (except the ones i couldn't find) from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies