Both men and women conceived during the widespread famine of the Dutch Hunger Winter were more likely to be obese by age 5050 and more likely to die from stroke or cardiovascular disease. They also experienced more cognitive decline later in life. Fifteen genetic loci associated with growth and metabolic disease were compared between siblings prenatally exposed to the famine and those siblings who were not prenatally exposed.

1. What evidence suggests that these are epigenetic effects?

a. missense mutations within genes encoding histone proteins
b. single nucleotide polymorphisms within loci involved in growth and metabolic disease
c. transposon insertion into loci involved in growth and metabolic disease
d. changes in the methylation patterns of loci involved in growth and metabolic disease

2. Which additional pieces of evidence would help to demonstrate that these effects are due to epigenetic changes?

a. changes in the post-translational modification of metabolic enzymes
b. differences in the expression of metabolic genes
c. mutations in the DNA regions associated with cardiovascular health
d. changes in histone acetylation patterns

Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression which are not dependent on DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms involve DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc) and regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA) pathways. These epigenetic mechanisms work together and mutually reinforce each other in order to modulate gene expression (either by activating or suppressing gene expression). In consequence, transcriptome data (e.g., genes differentially expressed in particular tissues/cells or stages of development) is an important piece of evidence indicating the existence of epigenetic modulation.

shivjimishraVT shivjimishraVT · Answer 2 · 2022-03-30T10:17:39+02:00

The evidence that suggests that these are epigenetic effects is that changes in the methylation patterns of loci are involved in the growth and metabolic diseases. So, the correct option is D.

What do you mean by metabolic diseases?

Metabolic diseases are diseases that are caused due to inefficient metabolic processes. Some of them are Krabbe disease, maple syrup urine diseases, etc.

The additional pieces of evidence would help to demonstrate that these effects are due to epigenetic changes including changes in the histone acetylation patterns. So, the correct option is D.

Epigenetic changes refer to the study of change in gene expression which is caused by a mechanism other than the change in the DNA sequence. It caused reversible changes that affect the expression pattern of the gene. It is passed from cell to cell via mitosis.

Therefore, above are both the questions that are briefly described one by one.

To learn more about Epigenetic change, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/25681154