The transformation of a function may involve any change. The function f(x) stretched vertically by a factor of 2 and translated up by 5 units is (6x - 9).
How does the transformation of a function happen?
The transformation of a function may involve any change.
Usually, these can be shifted horizontally (by transforming inputs) or vertically (by transforming output), stretched (multiplying outputs or inputs) etc.
If the original function is y = f(x), assuming the horizontal axis is the input axis and the vertical is for outputs, then:
Horizontal shift (also called phase shift):
- Left shift by c units, y=f(x+c) (same output, but c units earlier)
- Right shift by c units, y=f(x-c)(same output, but c units late)
Vertical shift:
- Up by d units: y = f(x) + d
- Down by d units: y = f(x) - d
Stretching:
- Vertical stretch by a factor k: y = k × f(x)
- Horizontal stretch by a factor k: y = f(x/k)
Given the function f(x)=3x-7, which can be transformed as shown below.
1. The function f(x) stretched vertically by a factor of 4 and translated up by 9 units.
Vertical stretch → 4(3x - 7) = 12x - 28
Up by 9 Units → (12x - 28) + 9
g(x) = 12x - 19
2. The function f(x) translated 6 units up and 2 units right
Up by 6 units → (3x - 7) +6 = 3x - 1
2 units Right → 3(x-2) - 1 = 3x - 6 - 1 = 3x - 7
g(x) = 3x - 7
3. The function f(x) reflected about the y-axis and translated 7 units left
Reflected about the y-axis → -3x - 7
7 units left → -3(x+7) - 7 = -3x - 21 -7 = -3x-28
g(x) = -3x-28
4. The function f(x) stretched vertically by a factor of 2 and translated up by 5 units
Stretched vertically by a factor of 2 → 2(3x - 7) = 6x - 14
Translated up by 5 units → 6x - 14 + 5 = 6x - 9
g(x) = 6x - 9
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