Loisel is using hyperbole to make a point.
Hyperbole is a literary term that is used to show exaggeration.
From the given sentence Loisel tells Mathilde that the "whole world will be there" and that "everyone will be there" to show that a lot of people will go to the ball.
This does not literally mean that the whole world will go to the ball, but he is using hyperbole to show that a lot of people will be in attendance.
Therefore, Loisel is making use of hyperbole to make a point
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