Polymers are macromolecules composed of similar monomers joint through chemical bonds. Lipids are not composed of similar basic units, so they are not considered to be polymers. There is no formation of a polymer lipid.
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Together with proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, lipids are essential components of biological structures and are part of the biomolecules group.
When talking about polymers, we are referring to molecules composed of multiple similar units, the monomers. When many monomers join through chemical bonds, through the polymerization process, they form a polymer. These units do not need to be identical.
According to the polymer definition, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are polymers. Lipids are not polymers because they are not composed of a repeated sequence of basic units.
Lipids are individual medium-sized molecules. There are different types of lipids: triacylglycerols, wax esters, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and sterols.
According to their structure:
- Simple lipids ⇒ Composed of an alcohol molecule and fatty acids.
- Complex lipids ⇒ They are composed of alcohol, fatty acids, and different non-lipidic components, such as phosphates, amino acids, glucyds, amines, etcetera. These are the amphipathic molecules.
Membrane lipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads -negatively charged phosphate group- and hydrophobic tails. In membranes, they are arranged with their hydrophilic polar heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cells, while their hydrophobic tails are against each other, constituting the internal part of the membrane.
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