Given what we know about genetic mutation, we can confirm that unless the mutation is of the silent type (and sometimes regardless of this), it will in fact change the amino acid that the codon specifies.
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell that occur during the replication phase. Cellular mutations can be of many types, such as:
- Insertion
- Deletion
- Substitution
- Inversion
and so on, each of which can have varying effects on the amino acid produced.
Most mutations will affect the resulting amino acid in some way. Insertion and deletion tend to be the most harmful mutation types as they alter the way in which the genetic code is processed. Some mutations, however, can be silent, meaning they have no harmful effects due to the fact that the new sequence either encodes the same amino acid or one with a similar enough function. This is possible through mutations like substitution.
Substitution mutations change one nucleotide in a sequence for another. At times, the new sequence will actually encode for the same amino acid as before despite the change. This is one of the only situations in which the amino acid will not be changed. Most often, if a mutation occurs, we can expect the resulting amino acid to change.
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