The equation of exchange, M×V=P×Q , relates to the quantity theory of money. In this equation, M represents the supply of money, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Q is real output.
Which of the statements describes an implication of this equation in the long run?
Money supply increases (ΔM) will directly increase real GDP.
Changes in the money supply (ΔM) will balance out with changes in prices (ΔP) .
Changes in the money supply (ΔM) will balance out with changes in velocity (ΔV) .
Both money supply (M) and money velocity (V) are held constant.