The literary device used when the inn is described as “So full the innkeeper had been forced to seat people on the ceiling” is hyperbole, as explained below.
The literary device known as hyperbole consists of exaggerating something. The purpose is to emphasize an idea for the audience. For example, if your sister tells you she has called your name a thousand times, she is using a hyperbole. She wants to emphasize the fact that she called you a lot.
That is what we have in the sentence "So full the innkeeper had been forced to seat people on the ceiling.” Of course it is not true that people had to sit on the ceiling. The author is simply using a hyperbole to emphasize how full the inn was.
Learn more about hyperbole here:
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