A study showed that low-intensity shock therapy reduces pain levels in patients with lupus. During each session, electrodes were placed on the pain site indicated by the patient. Pain reduction was measured through self-reporting after each session.

Another study is being designed to examine whether low-intensity shock therapy also reduces pain in patients suffering from bulging disks in the thoracic region of the back. Two hundred female patients are subjects in the new study.

Part A: What is an appropriate design for the new study? Include treatments used, method of treatment assignment, and variables that should be measured. (4 points)

Part B: If the study consisted of 100 male and 100 female patients instead of 200 female patients, would you change the study design? If so, how would you modify your design? If not, why not? (4 points)

Part C: Could your design be double-blind? Explain. (2 points)

A. The type of experimental design is a completely randomized design experiment where experimental units of 200 female subjects which are allocated randomly to say 4 treatment groups with each treatment group consist of 50 female patients.

Here the treatment used is low-intensity shock therapy which is also factor or explanatory variable. After administrating above treatment for a period of say 2-3 weeks, the response in pain reduction can be measured among all patients in 4 treatment groups by comparing their earlier pain level for reduction in pain.

If the study consist of 100 male and female patients, the experimental design can be changed into randomized block design by blocking subjects by gender.

The above design can be double blinded by not letting either the patients or lab technicians aware about which treatment groups, each of these subjects are experimented against to keep the data confidential.

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