The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances is the Lysosome. The main constituent of lysosomes is hydrolase enzymes. The hydrolase enzymes of the lysosome, a membrane-bound vesicle, break down aged organelles and proteins into smaller molecules like amino acids.
Lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes are also helpful in destroying invading pathogens. Upon any bacterial/fungal/viral infection, the cell engulfs the pathogenic particle in a double membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome, via phagocytosis. Phagosomes get fused with lysosome and hydrolytic enzymes help in the clearance of the pathogen.
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