The people who dwelled in lands peripheral to the Byzantine and Sassanian empires at the time Islam arose are "Arabians".
History of Byzantine and Sassanian empires:
In the seventh century, something happened in the Arabian deserts that would ultimately alter the course of history. The Arabs would rise from Arabia's deserts and pose a threat to the two most powerful empires of the day. They would win battle after battle against these powerful empires.
Th two reasons for the war are -
- The conflict between the Persians and the Byzantines is the primary cause. The Sassanid empire was the Persian one at the time. The Sassanid and Byzantine empires engaged in several wars against one another over hundreds of years. They were constantly at one another's throats. Everybody is looking for a way to outdo the other.
- The lack of respect shown to the Arabs was the second reason that helped the Arabs win. The two empires could never have foreseen a defeat at the hands of the Arabs. Both sides had never planned for such a scenario. To make matters worse, at first, the Arabs were consistently undervalued and not seen as a genuine danger. It was already too late for the two empires to grasp how serious a threat the Arabs were.
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