The optic chiasm is the point where the optic nerves cross the midline, allowing the opposite side of the brain to process sensory data from one side of the body.
Since the optic nerves cross in the optic chiasm, also known as the optic chiasma, it plays a crucial role in the visual pathway. Within the suprasellar cistern, it is situated 10 mm above the pituitary gland and 10 mm beneath the hypothalamus near the base of the brain.
The optic chiasm's function is to make sure that visual impulses reach both hemispheres of the brain. The thalamus receives and processes the majority of brain impulses, which are then transmitted to various parts of the occipital lobe. Half of each divided optic nerve's fibers travel to the opposing side. Due to the anatomical configuration, injury to the optic nerve system results in particular patterns of vision loss.
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