Synaptic potentials that do not depolarize membrane potential enough to reach threshold are known as hyperpolarization.
Electrical signals that travel from one region of the nervous system to another define it. The signal must move along an axon, regardless of how close together or how far apart those locations are. The carefully regulated ion distribution across the membrane forms the foundation of the electrical signal. In a resting state, the membrane has stable Na+ and K+ concentrations on each side.
A stimulus will cause the membrane to depolarize, and voltage-gated channels will cause the membrane to depolarize even more before repolarizing. Action potentials finish with a slight overshoot of hyperpolarization.
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