The Federal Reserve implements monetary policy primarily by influencing the federal funds rate. This is the interest rate that financial institutions charge each other to borrow reserves in the money markets overnight. The Fed's monetary policy measures described below, affect the level of federal funds rates.
When a central bank like the Fed changes interest rates, it affects the economy as a whole and affects both the stock and bond markets in many ways. Lower interest rates make borrowing money cheaper. This can drive consumer and corporate spending and investment and boost asset prices.
The goals of monetary policy are maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. By implementing effective monetary policy, the Fed can maintain stable prices, thereby supporting long-term economic growth and maximum employment conditions.
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