When engaging in operant conditioning, the motivational state of the subject is most typically operationally defined by using negative punishment.
Operant conditioning is a way of encourage a certain behavior in a person by using rewards and punishment.
Rewards are given to encourage the person or subject to keep behaving in a certain way so that they can expect more of those rewards.
Punishment can also be administered to get a subject to stop a behavior. Negative punishment involves taking away something that a subject likes. When this is done, the motivational state of the subject can operationally be defined because the subject would hate negative punishment the most.
In conclusion, this is negative punishment.
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