Respuesta :
In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, a phenyl substituent on the aromatic ring is an activator and an o, p-director. This is why, because,
Phenyl rings are activating groups because they increase the electron density of the benzene ring. Like alkyl groups, phenyl groups are weak electron donors via inductive effect. Since they activate the ring, the direct the next substitution at the ortho and para positions.
What is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution?
Aromatic compounds like benzene usually undergo substitution reactions instead of addition reactions. Substitution reactions are preferred since these preserve the aromaticity of the ring.
What is the first step in the general mechanism for electrophilic aromatic substitution?
Answer:
Addition of the electrophile to the aromatic ring, because,
The electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism can be denoted as follows:
- The first step is the attack (addition) of the electrophile to the aromatic ring, forming an aryl ring.
- The second step is the replacement of H by the electrophile (deprotonation), restoring the aromatic ring.
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