2.23 Consider an atom of 10B. (a) How many protons, neutrons,
and electrons does this atom contain? (b) What is the sym-
bol of the atom obtained by adding one proton to ¹0B?
(c) What is the symbol of the atom obtained by adding one
neutron to ¹0B? (d) Are either of the atoms obtained in parts
(b) and (c) isotopes of ¹0B? If so which one?

An atom is the smallest part of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction. We know that an atom is composed of an electron, a proton and a neutron.

The number of protons in an atom is the atomic number of the atom and it can be used to identify the atom. If two atoms have the same number of protons then they must be isotopes of each other.

Not that the isotopes have the same physical and chemical properties because they are actually the same element and only differ in the number of neutrons that is in the nucleus of each atom.

Now, the element boron has five electrons and protons. 10B has five electrons, protons and neutrons. If we add one proton to 10B we obtain 10C.

If we add one neutron to 10B we obtain 11B. Only 11B is an isotope of boron, the atom 10C belongs to a different element.

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