Respuesta :
The nucleophile (-OH) is typically replaced by another nucleophile in a reaction known as a nucleophilic substitution in carboxylic acids (Nu). Since oxygen is more electronegative than carbon and attracts the electron density towards itself, the carbonyl group (C=O) becomes polarized (i.e. there is a charge separation).
What is substitution reactions ?
When one functional group in a chemical molecule is replaced by another functional group, the chemical reaction is known as a substitution reaction. In organic chemistry, substitution reactions are of utmost significance.
Substitution reactions occur with both alcohols and carboxylic acids. But there is a slight difference in how they are done. Let's imagine, for instance, that both of these are being replaced by a single instance of the ubiquitous item X.
Therefore, given that this carbon has a double bond on it, it would attack this middle carbon right here. Electrons will then be forced up onto the oxygen as a result. This is going to create an odd four-person group in your immediate area.
This oxen may now start this off by pushing the electron density back down. Now, the distinction between these two gases—which I've hinted at but haven't really said explicitly—is due to the presence of a double bond in the complex of an acid that is absent from the alcohol. Ah, the pipe ons enable for electron delocalization thanks to their presence. Ah, thus although producing relatively similar outputs, the mechanisms of these two substitutions are entirely different.
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