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Aldehyde Carbonyl functional group that has a double bond and must be at the end of a C chain.
With the aid of other functional groups, the way that the functional groups participate in a chemical process can be further altered. These groups can also be transformed into one another.
The atoms of these groups and the group as a whole are joined to the molecule through covalent bonds.
• For polymers, the functional groups are typically bonded to the nonpolar core of the carbon atoms in each repeating unit of the related polymer, giving the carbon chain certain chemical properties.
• When these groups are added to molecules, they change the molecules into either complexions or polyatomic ions. Some functional groups carry an ionic charge on them, as evidenced in carboxylate salts having the -COO- ionic group.
• A ligand is a functional group that is attached to the central atom in a coordination complex.
What are the four functional groups?
Some of the crucial functional groups in biological compounds are the hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl groups. The formation of molecules including DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids depends heavily on these groups.
{ Functional Group Formula - Suffix - Example }
• Alcohol, R-OH-olMethanol
• Ketone, R-(CO)-R’-oneButanone
• Aldehyde, R-CHO-alEthanal (acetaldehyde)
• Acyl Halide, R-(CO)-X-oyl halideEthanoyl Chloride (acetyl chloride)
• Carboxylate, R-COO–-oateSodiumEthanoate (sodium acetate)
• Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH-oic acidEthanoic Acid (acetic acid)
• Ester, R-(CO)-O-R’Alkyl alkanoateEthyl Butanoate (Ethyl butyrate)
• Ether, R-O-R’Alkyl etherDiethyl Ether (ethoxyethane)
{ Functional Group Formula - Suffix - Example }
• Amide, R-(CO)-N-R2-amideEthanamide (acetamide)
• Primary Amine, R-NH2-amineMethylamine
• Secondary Amine, R2NH-amineDimethylamine
• Tertiary Amine, NR3-amineTrimethylamine
• Imide, (RCO)2N-R’-imideSuccinimide
• Cyanate, R-OCN Alkyl cyanate Methyl CyanateIsocyanate, R-NCOAlkyl isocyanate Methyl Isocyanate
The most straightforward are the alkenes, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons with functional groups in carbon-carbon double bonds and have the same chemical formula as cycloalkanes (CnH2n). Alkenes or cycloalkenes are indicated by the ene suffix (ending).
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