A single base substitution in the sequence of a gene would affect the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the gene (A) Only a single amino acid could change, because the reading frame would be unaffected.
Substitution is a type of mutation in which a single amino acid is replaced by another amino acid. Therefore, when substitution of a single base occurs, the reading frame remains undisturbed and hence the maximum effect would be of change of an amino acid.
Reading frame is a sequence of nucleotide triplet codons that has the capability to code for a protein. A sequence of nucleotides can be read by three ways. Therefore the sequence that encodes for a protein is termed as a reading frame.
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