Use the following information to answer the question.
Paulinella chromatophora is one of the few cercozoans that is autotrophic, carrying out aerobic photosynthesis with its two elongated "chromatophores." The chromatophores are contained within vesicles of the host cell, and each is derived from a cyanobacterium, though not the same type of cyanobacterium that gave rise to the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
Which process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced. without the net loss of any genetic information?
(A) conjugation
(B) horizontal gene transfer
(C) phagocytosis
(D) meiosis

Question

23-08-2022
Biology

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Use the following information to answer the question.
Paulinella chromatophora is one of the few cercozoans that is autotrophic, carrying out aerobic photosynthesis with its two elongated "chromatophores." The chromatophores are contained within vesicles of the host cell, and each is derived from a cyanobacterium, though not the same type of cyanobacterium that gave rise to the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
Which process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced. without the net loss of any genetic information?
(A) conjugation
(B) horizontal gene transfer
(C) phagocytosis
(D) meiosis

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Tutorconsortium365 Tutorconsortium365 · Answer 1 · 2022-08-31T04:09:41+02:00

horizontal gene transfer process could have allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced. without the net loss of any genetic information

What is chlorarachniophytes ?

A minor subclass of marine algae found in both tropical and arctic waters, the chlorarachniophytes. Typically mixotrophic, they carry out photosynthesis in addition to eating bacteria and tiny protists. The majority of the time, they resemble little amoebas and have branching cytoplasmic extensions that catch prey and join the cells to form a net. They can also produce walled coccoid cells and flagellate zoospores, which are characterized by a single subapical flagellum that loops around the cell body.

Taking in some green algae is probably how the chloroplasts were obtained. They are encircled by four membranes, the outermost of which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. A little nucleomorph, which is a piece of the alga's nucleus, is located between the middle two membranes.

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Tutorconsortium367 Tutorconsortium367 · Answer 2 · 2022-09-01T07:34:53+02:00

Horizontal gene transfer allows the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be reduced. without the net loss of any genetic information.

What is nucleomorphs ?

Small, extinct eukaryotic nuclei known as nucleomorphs can be detected in some plastids between the inner and outer membrane pairs. They are believed to represent the remains of early red and green algal nuclei that were swallowed by a more advanced eukaryote. The nucleomorph supports the endosymbiotic idea and is proof that the plastids containing it are complex plastids because it is sandwiched between two sets of membranes. The plastid is an example of secondary endosymbiosis since it has two sets of membranes, indicating that it was a prokaryote that was engulfed by a eukaryote, which was then engulfed by the host cell, an additional eukaryote.

Some of the tiniest genomes ever sequenced are nucleomorphs. The genome of the red or green alga was diminished after it was ingested by a cryptomonad or a chlorarachniophyte, respectively.

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