Two protons and two neutrons are emitted and trapped as materials like uranium and thorium deep underground decay into radium and thorium, respectively. These alpha-particles transform into stable helium atoms as they take on electrons from their surroundings.
Alpha decay usually occurs in heavy nuclei such as uranium or plutonium, and therefore is a major part of the radioactive fallout from a nuclear explosion.
Alpha decay occurs most often in massive nuclei that have too large a proton to neutron ratio. An alpha particle, with its two protons and two neutrons, is a very stable configuration of particles.
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