The coating of foreign microbes with antibody or complement components, which makes the microbes more likely to be phagocytized, is called opsonization.
In the field of biology, the process of opsonization can be described as a method in which opsonins are used to tag foreign microbes in order for them to be phagocytosed.
Both, a pathogen and a phagocyte, are negatively charged. As a result of this, the pathogen and phagocyte repel each other. The pathogen takes this as an opportunity and begins to replicate inside the body. Opsonins, such as an antibody, overcome this repellent force between a pathogen and phagocyte and hence help in the process of phagocytosis. Such a kind of phagocytosis, which occurs due to opsonins, is referred to as opsonization.
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