The atomic number was increased hence a beta particle was emitted with a negative charge of -1.
What is the emitted particle x?
We know that a nuclear reaction is one in which there is a change in the structure of the atom. In this case, a new atom is actually formed. We have to look at the equation that has been given in order to obtain the charge of the particle X.
Now we have;
43/19 K -----> 43/20 Ca + X
We can see that the atomic number was increased hence a beta particle was emitted with a negative charge.
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