These codes appeared to be designed to keep African-Americans in a situation similar to slavery. African-Americans were frequently required to sign annual labor contracts. Those who do not comply risk being arrested and forced into involuntary servitude.
After slavery was abolished during the Civil War, black codes were enacted to limit African Americans' freedom and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force.
The laws were passed in 1865 and 1866 to replace the social controls of slavery that had been removed by the Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The black codes had their origins in the previously in force slave codes.
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