According to the Supreme Court's Bakke (1978) decision, a university's use of racial "quotas" in the admissions process was unlawful, but using "affirmative action" to admit more minority applicants was lawful in some cases.
The issue of whether restricting white people's access to higher education is legal was raised in the case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 Previously, the institution had a quota system where white applicants could only apply for 84 of the 100 seats and individuals of color were given preference for the remaining 16 openings. Bakke sued the school, arguing that the overt racial quota system was illegal and in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were both broken, the court decided, when race was used as the sole criterion for admission to a university.
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