North, south, east, and west were denoted by the magnetic compass. The astrolabe calculated how high the sun was above the earth.
Thus, these discoveries made it possible to explore unknown areas with greater accuracy, which promoted the spread of cultures and what became known as the "Columbian Exchange" phenomena. Lateen sails, the astrolabe, and the magnetic compass are three instruments that are particularly significant during this time period.
The development of the compass, the astrolabe, and innovative ships like the caravel were some breakthroughs that made the Age of Exploration feasible.
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