At the replication fork of all three types of organisms—bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic—are clamp loader, primase, helicase, polymerases, and sliding clamp. These enzymes are necessary for the replication of DNA.
At the replication fork, an enzyme called helicase denatures (separates) DNA by severing the hydrogen bonds that connect base pairs, allowing DNA polymerase and other replication proteins to bind to single-strand DNA.
Other enzymes, including as DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase, are necessary for DNA replication in addition to DNA polymerase.
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