preganglionic sympathetic fibers typically synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia unless they pass through, forming splanchnic nerves that instead enter collateral ganglia.
The sympathetic nerves enter the spinal cord through the intermediolateral horn and exit through the T1 through L2 segments. Before the postganglionic nerve fibers reach the target tissue, the preganglionic nerve fibers synapse in either the paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia or the prevertebral ganglia.
The splanchnic nerves are bilateral autonomic nerves that supply stomach and pelvic viscera. Except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, all splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic (presynaptic) sympathetic fibers.
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