Britain recognized religion when drawing the borders for the South Asian nations it left behind, designating India as primarily Hindu and Pakistan (West and East) as a Muslim nation.
This well-considered division resulted in a calm post-colonial situation.
The "last-minute" method by which the British were able to gain agreement over the manner in which independence would take place was the partition of British India into the two distinct states of India and Pakistan on the weekend of August 14–15, 1947. Few people at the time were aware of what Partition would entail or what its effects would be, and the massive migration that followed caught most people off guard.
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