The best method for studying a bacterial species that protrude from the cell surface is scanning electron microscopy.
A concentrated electron beam is used to scan a sample's surface in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which creates images of the sample. The sample's surface topography and chemical composition are revealed by the signals that are created as a result of the electrons' interactions with the sample's atoms. An image is created by combining the position of the electron beam with the strength of the signal being detected while it is being scanned in a raster scan pattern. A secondary electron detector is used in the most popular SEM mode to find secondary electrons released by excited atoms (Everhart–Thornley detector). The topography of the specimen is one factor that affects the quantity of secondary electrons that can be detected and, consequently, the signal intensions.
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